The ungleich ceph handbook¶

• Table of contents
• The ungleich ceph handbook
  • Status
  • Introduction
  • Communication guide
  • Analysing
    • ceph osd df tree
    • Find out the device of an OSD
  • Adding a new disk/ssd to the ceph cluster
    • For Dell servers
  • Moving a disk/ssd to another server
  • Removing a disk/ssd
  • Handling DOWN osds with filesystem errors
  • Change ceph speed for i/o recovery
  • Debug scrub errors / inconsistent pg message
  • Move servers into the osd tree
  • How to fix existing osds with wrong partition layout
    • Inactive OSD
    • Remove Active OSD
    • Recreating the OSD
  • How to fix unfound pg

Status¶

This document is IN PRODUCTION.

Introduction¶

This article describes the ungleich storage architecture that is based on ceph. It describes our architecture as well maintenance commands. Required for

Communication guide¶

Usually when disks fails no customer communication is necessary, as it is automatically compensated/rebalanced by ceph. However in case multiple disk failures happen at the same time, I/O speed might be reduced and thus customer experience impacted.

For this reason communicate whenever I/O recovery settings are temporarily tuned.

Analysing¶

ceph osd df tree¶

Using ceph osd df tree you can see not only the disk usage per OSD, but also the number of PGs on an OSD. This is especially useful to see how the OSDs are balanced.

Find out the device of an OSD¶

Use mount | grep /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-OSDID on the server on which the OSD is located:

[16:01:23] server2.place6:~# mount | grep /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-31
/dev/sdk1 on /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-31 type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)

Adding a new disk/ssd to the ceph cluster¶

For Dell servers¶

First find the disk and then add it to the operating system

megacli -PDList -aALL  | grep -B16 -i unconfigur

# Sample output:
[19:46:50] server7.place6:~#  megacli -PDList -aALL  | grep -B16 -i unconfigur
Enclosure Device ID: N/A
Slot Number: 0
Enclosure position: N/A
Device Id: 0
WWN: 0000000000000000
Sequence Number: 1
Media Error Count: 0
Other Error Count: 0
Predictive Failure Count: 0
Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0
PD Type: SATA

Raw Size: 894.252 GB [0x6fc81ab0 Sectors]
Non Coerced Size: 893.752 GB [0x6fb81ab0 Sectors]
Coerced Size: 893.75 GB [0x6fb80000 Sectors]
Sector Size:  0
Firmware state: Unconfigured(good), Spun Up

Then add the disk to the OS:

megacli -CfgLdAdd -r0 [enclosure position:slot] -aX (X : host is 0. marray is 1)

# Sample call, if enclosure and slot are KNOWN (aka not N/A)
megacli -CfgLdAdd -r0 [32:0] -a0

# Sample call, if enclosure is N/A
megacli -CfgLdAdd -r0 [:0] -a0

Moving a disk/ssd to another server¶

(needs to be described better)

Generally speaking:

• /opt/ungleich-tools/ceph-osd-stop-disable does the following:
  • Stop the osd, remove monit on the server you want to take it out
  • umount the disk
• Take disk out
• Discard preserved cache on the server you took it out
  • using megacli
• Insert into new server
• Clear foreign configuration
  • using megacli
• Disk will now appear in the OS, ceph/udev will automatically start the OSD (!)
  • No creating of the osd required!
• Verify that the disk exists and that the osd is started
  • using ps aux
  • using ceph osd tree
• /opt/ungleich-tools/monit-ceph-create-start osd.XX # where osd.XX is the osd + number
  • Creates the monit configuration file so that monit watches the OSD
  • Reload monit
• Verify monit using monit status

Removing a disk/ssd¶

To permanently remove a failed disk from a cluster, use ceph-osd-stop-remove-permanently from ungleich-tools repo. Warning: if the disk is still active, the OSD will be shutdown AND removed from the cluster -> all data of that disk will need to be rebalanced.

Handling DOWN osds with filesystem errors¶

If an email arrives with the subject "monit alert -- Does not exist osd.XX-whoami", the filesystem of an OSD cannot be read anymore. It is very highly likely that the disk / ssd is broken. Steps that need to be done:

• Login to any ceph monitor (cephX.placeY.ungleich.ch)
• Check ceph -s, find host using ceph osd tree
• Login to the affected host
• Run the following commands:
  • ls /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-XX
  • dmesg
• Create a new ticket in the datacenter light project
  • Subject: "Replace broken OSD.XX on serverX.placeY.ungleich.ch"
  • Add (partial) output of above commands
  • Use /opt/ungleich-tools/ceph-osd-stop-remove-permanently XX, where XX is the osd id, to remove the disk from the cluster
  • Remove the physical disk from the host, checkout if there is warranty on it and if yes
    • Create a short letter to the vendor, including technical details a from above
    • Record when you sent it in
    • Put ticket into status waiting
  • If there is no warranty, dispose it

Change ceph speed for i/o recovery¶

By default we want to keep I/O recovery traffic low to not impact customer experience. However when multiple disks fail at the same point, we might want to prioritise recover for data safety over performance.

The default configuration on our servers contains:

[osd]
osd max backfills = 1
osd recovery max active = 1
osd recovery op priority = 2

The important settings are osd max backfills and osd recovery max active, the priority is always kept low so that regular I/O has priority.

To adjust the number of backfills per osd and to change the number of threads used for recovery, we can use on any node with the admin keyring:

ceph tell osd.* injectargs '--osd-max-backfills Y'
ceph tell osd.* injectargs '--osd-recovery-max-active X'

where Y and X are the values that we want to use. Experience shows that Y=5 and X=5 doubles to triples the recovery performance, whereas X=10 and Y=10 increases recovery performance 5 times.

Debug scrub errors / inconsistent pg message¶

From time to time disks don't save what they are told to save. Ceph scrubbing detects these errors and switches to HEALTH_ERR. Use ceph health detail to find out which placement groups (pgs) are affected. Usually a ceph pg repair <number> fixes the problem.

If this does not help, consult https://ceph.com/geen-categorie/ceph-manually-repair-object/.

Move servers into the osd tree¶

New servers have their buckets placed outside the default root and thus need to be moved inside.
Output might look as follows:

[11:19:27] server5.place6:~# ceph osd tree
ID  CLASS   WEIGHT    TYPE NAME        STATUS REWEIGHT PRI-AFF 
 -3           0.87270 host server5                             
 41     ssd   0.87270     osd.41           up  1.00000 1.00000 
 -1         251.85580 root default                             
 -7          81.56271     host server2                         
  0 hdd-big   9.09511         osd.0        up  1.00000 1.00000 
  5 hdd-big   9.09511         osd.5        up  1.00000 1.00000 
...

Use ceph osd crush move serverX root=default (where serverX is the new server),
which will move the bucket in the right place:

[11:21:17] server5.place6:~# ceph osd crush move server5 root=default
moved item id -3 name 'server5' to location {root=default} in crush map
[11:32:12] server5.place6:~# ceph osd tree
ID  CLASS   WEIGHT    TYPE NAME        STATUS REWEIGHT PRI-AFF 
 -1         252.72850 root default                             
...
 -3           0.87270     host server5                         
 41     ssd   0.87270         osd.41       up  1.00000 1.00000 

How to fix existing osds with wrong partition layout¶

In the first version of DCL we used filestore/3 partition based layout.
In the second version of DCL, including OSD autodection, we use bluestore/2 partition based layout.

To convert, we delete the old OSD, clean the partitions and create a new osd:

Inactive OSD¶

If the OSD is not active, we can do the following:

• Find the OSD number: mount the partition and find the whoami file

root@server2:/opt/ungleich-tools# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/
root@server2:/opt/ungleich-tools# cat /mnt/whoami 
0
root@server2:/opt/ungleich-tools# umount  /mnt/

• Verify in the ceph osd tree that the OSD is on that server
• Deleting the OSD
  • ceph osd crush remove $osd_name
  • ceph osd rm $osd_name

Then continue below as described in "Recreating the OSD".

Remove Active OSD¶

• Use /opt/ungleich-tools/ceph-osd-stop-remove-permanently OSDID to stop and remove the OSD
• Then continue below as described in "Recreating the OSD".

Recreating the OSD¶

• Create an empty partition table
  • fdisk /dev/sdX
  • g
  • w
• Create a new OSD
  • /opt/ungleich-tools/ceph-osd-create-start /dev/sdX CLASS # use hdd, ssd, ... for the CLASS

How to fix unfound pg¶

refer to https://redmine.ungleich.ch/issues/6388

• Check health state
  • ceph health detail
• Check which server has that osd
  • ceph osd tree
• Check which VM is running in server place
  • virsh list
• Check pg map
  • ceph osd map [osd pool] [VMID]
• revert pg
  • ceph pg [PGID] mark_unfound_lost revert