The ungleich kubernetes infrastructure » History » Revision 121
Revision 120 (Nico Schottelius, 07/23/2022 06:02 PM) → Revision 121/219 (Nico Schottelius, 07/29/2022 08:46 AM)
h1. The ungleich kubernetes infrastructure and ungleich kubernetes manual
{{toc}}
h2. Status
This document is **pre-production**.
This document is to become the ungleich kubernetes infrastructure overview as well as the ungleich kubernetes manual.
h2. k8s clusters
| Cluster | Purpose/Setup | Maintainer | Master(s) | argo | v4 http proxy | last verified |
| c0.k8s.ooo | Dev | - | UNUSED | | | 2021-10-05 |
| c1.k8s.ooo | retired | | - | | | 2022-03-15 |
| c2.k8s.ooo | Dev p7 HW | Nico | server47 server53 server54 | "argo":https://argocd-server.argocd.svc.c2.k8s.ooo | | 2021-10-05 |
| c3.k8s.ooo | retired | - | - | | | 2021-10-05 |
| c4.k8s.ooo | Dev2 p7 HW | Jin-Guk | server52 server53 server54 | | | - |
| c5.k8s.ooo | retired | | - | | | 2022-03-15 |
| c6.k8s.ooo | Dev p6 VM Jin-Guk | Jin-Guk | | | | |
| [[p5.k8s.ooo]] | production | | server34 server36 server38 | "argo":https://argocd-server.argocd.svc.p5.k8s.ooo | - | |
| [[p6.k8s.ooo]] | production | | server67 server69 server71 | "argo":https://argocd-server.argocd.svc.p6.k8s.ooo | 147.78.194.13 | 2021-10-05 |
| [[p10.k8s.ooo]] | production | | server63 server65 server83 | "argo":https://argocd-server.argocd.svc.p10.k8s.ooo | 147.78.194.12 | 2021-10-05 |
| [[k8s.ge.nau.so]] | development | | server107 server108 server109 | "argo":https://argocd-server.argocd.svc.k8s.ge.nau.so | | |
| [[dev.k8s.ooo]] | development | | server110 server111 server112 | "argo":https://argocd-server.argocd.svc.dev.k8s.ooo | - | 2022-07-08 |
h2. General architecture and components overview
* All k8s clusters are IPv6 only
* We use BGP peering to propagate podcidr and serviceCidr networks to our infrastructure
* The main public testing repository is "ungleich-k8s":https://code.ungleich.ch/ungleich-public/ungleich-k8s
** Private configurations are found in the **k8s-config** repository
h3. Cluster types
| **Type/Feature** | **Development** | **Production** |
| Min No. nodes | 3 (1 master, 3 worker) | 5 (3 master, 3 worker) |
| Recommended minimum | 4 (dedicated master, 3 worker) | 8 (3 master, 5 worker) |
| Separation of control plane | optional | recommended |
| Persistent storage | required | required |
| Number of storage monitors | 3 | 5 |
h2. General k8s operations
h3. Cheat sheet / external great references
* "kubectl cheatsheet":https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet/
h3. Allowing to schedule work on the control plane / removing node taints
* Mostly for single node / test / development clusters
* Just remove the master taint as follows
<pre>
kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane-
</pre>
You can check the node taints using @kubectl describe node ...@
h3. Get the cluster admin.conf
* On the masters of each cluster you can find the file @/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf@
* To be able to administrate the cluster you can copy the admin.conf to your local machine
* Multi cluster debugging can very easy if you name the config ~/cX-admin.conf (see example below)
<pre>
% scp root@server47.place7.ungleich.ch:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf ~/c2-admin.conf
% export KUBECONFIG=~/c2-admin.conf
% kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
server47 Ready control-plane,master 82d v1.22.0
server48 Ready control-plane,master 82d v1.22.0
server49 Ready <none> 82d v1.22.0
server50 Ready <none> 82d v1.22.0
server59 Ready control-plane,master 82d v1.22.0
server60 Ready,SchedulingDisabled <none> 82d v1.22.0
server61 Ready <none> 82d v1.22.0
server62 Ready <none> 82d v1.22.0
</pre>
h3. Installing a new k8s cluster
* Decide on the cluster name (usually *cX.k8s.ooo*), X counting upwards
** Using pXX.k8s.ooo for production clusters of placeXX
* Use cdist to configure the nodes with requirements like crio
* Decide between single or multi node control plane setups (see below)
** Single control plane suitable for development clusters
Typical init procedure:
* Single control plane: @kubeadm init --config bootstrap/XXX/kubeadm.yaml@
* Multi control plane (HA): @kubeadm init --config bootstrap/XXX/kubeadm.yaml --upload-certs@
h3. Deleting a pod that is hanging in terminating state
<pre>
kubectl delete pod <PODNAME> --grace-period=0 --force --namespace <NAMESPACE>
</pre>
(from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35453792/pods-stuck-in-terminating-status)
h3. Listing nodes of a cluster
<pre>
[15:05] bridge:~% kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
server22 Ready <none> 52d v1.22.0
server23 Ready <none> 52d v1.22.2
server24 Ready <none> 52d v1.22.0
server25 Ready <none> 52d v1.22.0
server26 Ready <none> 52d v1.22.0
server27 Ready <none> 52d v1.22.0
server63 Ready control-plane,master 52d v1.22.0
server64 Ready <none> 52d v1.22.0
server65 Ready control-plane,master 52d v1.22.0
server66 Ready <none> 52d v1.22.0
server83 Ready control-plane,master 52d v1.22.0
server84 Ready <none> 52d v1.22.0
server85 Ready <none> 52d v1.22.0
server86 Ready <none> 52d v1.22.0
</pre>
h3. Removing / draining a node
Usually @kubectl drain server@ should do the job, but sometimes we need to be more aggressive:
<pre>
kubectl drain --delete-emptydir-data --ignore-daemonsets serverXX
</pre>
h3. Readding a node after draining
<pre>
kubectl uncordon serverXX
</pre>
h3. (Re-)joining worker nodes after creating the cluster
* We need to have an up-to-date token
* We use different join commands for the workers and control plane nodes
Generating the join command on an existing control plane node:
<pre>
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
</pre>
h3. (Re-)joining control plane nodes after creating the cluster
* We generate the token again
* We upload the certificates
* We need to combine/create the join command for the control plane node
Example session:
<pre>
% kubeadm token create --print-join-command
kubeadm join p10-api.k8s.ooo:6443 --token xmff4i.ABC --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:longhash
% kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs
[upload-certs] Storing the certificates in Secret "kubeadm-certs" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[upload-certs] Using certificate key:
CERTKEY
# Then we use these two outputs on the joining node:
kubeadm join p10-api.k8s.ooo:6443 --token xmff4i.ABC --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:longhash --control-plane --certificate-key CERTKEY
</pre>
Commands to be used on a control plane node:
<pre>
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs
</pre>
Commands to be used on the joining node:
<pre>
JOINCOMMAND --control-plane --certificate-key CERTKEY
</pre>
SEE ALSO
* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63936268/how-to-generate-kubeadm-token-for-secondary-control-plane-nodes
* https://blog.scottlowe.org/2019/08/15/reconstructing-the-join-command-for-kubeadm/
h3. How to fix etcd does not start when rejoining a kubernetes cluster as a control plane
If during the above step etcd does not come up, @kubeadm join@ can hang as follows:
<pre>
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[check-etcd] Checking that the etcd cluster is healthy
error execution phase check-etcd: etcd cluster is not healthy: failed to dial endpoint https://[2a0a:e5c0:10:1:225:b3ff:fe20:37
8a]:2379 with maintenance client: context deadline exceeded
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher
</pre>
Then the problem is likely that the etcd server is still a member of the cluster. We first need to remove it from the etcd cluster and then the join works.
To fix this we do:
* Find a working etcd pod
* Find the etcd members / member list
* Remove the etcd member that we want to re-join the cluster
<pre>
# Find the etcd pods
kubectl -n kube-system get pods -l component=etcd,tier=control-plane
# Get the list of etcd servers with the member id
kubectl exec -n kube-system -ti ETCDPODNAME -- etcdctl --endpoints '[::1]:2379' --cacert /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key member list
# Remove the member
kubectl exec -n kube-system -ti ETCDPODNAME -- etcdctl --endpoints '[::1]:2379' --cacert /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key member remove MEMBERID
</pre>
Sample session:
<pre>
[10:48] line:~% kubectl -n kube-system get pods -l component=etcd,tier=control-plane
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
etcd-server63 1/1 Running 0 3m11s
etcd-server65 1/1 Running 3 7d2h
etcd-server83 1/1 Running 8 (6d ago) 7d2h
[10:48] line:~% kubectl exec -n kube-system -ti etcd-server65 -- etcdctl --endpoints '[::1]:2379' --cacert /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key member list
356891cd676df6e4, started, server65, https://[2a0a:e5c0:10:1:225:b3ff:fe20:375c]:2380, https://[2a0a:e5c0:10:1:225:b3ff:fe20:375c]:2379, false
371b8a07185dee7e, started, server63, https://[2a0a:e5c0:10:1:225:b3ff:fe20:378a]:2380, https://[2a0a:e5c0:10:1:225:b3ff:fe20:378a]:2379, false
5942bc58307f8af9, started, server83, https://[2a0a:e5c0:10:1:3e4a:92ff:fe79:bb98]:2380, https://[2a0a:e5c0:10:1:3e4a:92ff:fe79:bb98]:2379, false
[10:48] line:~% kubectl exec -n kube-system -ti etcd-server65 -- etcdctl --endpoints '[::1]:2379' --cacert /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key member remove 371b8a07185dee7e
Member 371b8a07185dee7e removed from cluster e3c0805f592a8f77
</pre>
SEE ALSO
* We found the solution using https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67921552/re-installed-node-cannot-join-kubernetes-cluster
h3. Hardware Maintenance using ungleich-hardware
Use the following manifest and replace the HOST with the actual host:
<pre>
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: ungleich-hardware-HOST
spec:
containers:
- name: ungleich-hardware
image: ungleich/ungleich-hardware:0.0.5
args:
- sleep
- "1000000"
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /dev
name: dev
securityContext:
privileged: true
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/hostname: "HOST"
volumes:
- name: dev
hostPath:
path: /dev
</pre>
Also see: [[The_ungleich_hardware_maintenance_guide]]
h3. Triggering a cronjob / creating a job from a cronjob
To test a cronjob, we can create a job from a cronjob:
<pre>
kubectl create job --from=cronjob/volume2-daily-backup volume2-manual
</pre>
This creates a job volume2-manual based on the cronjob volume2-daily
h3. su-ing into a user that has nologin shell set
Many times users are having nologin as their shell inside the container. To be able to execute maintenance commands within the
container, we can use @su -s /bin/sh@ like this:
<pre>
su -s /bin/sh -c '/path/to/your/script' testuser
</pre>
Found on https://serverfault.com/questions/351046/how-to-run-command-as-user-who-has-usr-sbin-nologin-as-shell
h3. How to print a secret value
Assuming you want the "password" item from a secret, use:
<pre>
kubectl get secret SECRETNAME -o jsonpath="{.data.password}" | base64 -d; echo ""
</pre>
h2. Calico CNI
h3. Calico Installation
* We install "calico using helm":https://docs.projectcalico.org/getting-started/kubernetes/helm
* This has the following advantages:
** Easy to upgrade
** Does not require os to configure IPv6/dual stack settings as the tigera operator figures out things on its own
Usually plain calico can be installed directly using:
<pre>
helm repo add projectcalico https://docs.projectcalico.org/charts
helm upgrade --install --namespace tigera calico projectcalico/tigera-operator --version v3.23.2 --create-namespace
# helm install --namespace tigera calico projectcalico/tigera-operator --version v3.23.2 --create-namespace
</pre>
* Check the tags on https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/tags for the latest release
h3. Installing calicoctl
* General installation instructions, including binary download: https://projectcalico.docs.tigera.io/maintenance/clis/calicoctl/install
To be able to manage and configure calico, we need to
"install calicoctl (we choose the version as a pod)":https://docs.projectcalico.org/getting-started/clis/calicoctl/install#install-calicoctl-as-a-kubernetes-pod
<pre>
kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calicoctl.yaml
</pre>
Or version specific:
<pre>
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/blob/v3.20.4/manifests/calicoctl.yaml
# For 3.22
kubectl apply -f https://projectcalico.docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.22/manifests/calicoctl.yaml
</pre>
And making it easier accessible by alias:
<pre>
alias calicoctl="kubectl exec -i -n kube-system calicoctl -- /calicoctl"
</pre>
h3. Calico configuration
By default our k8s clusters "BGP peer":https://docs.projectcalico.org/networking/bgp
with an upstream router to propagate podcidr and servicecidr.
Default settings in our infrastructure:
* We use a full-mesh using the @nodeToNodeMeshEnabled: true@ option
* We keep the original next hop so that *only* the server with the pod is announcing it (instead of ecmp)
* We use private ASNs for k8s clusters
* We do *not* use any overlay
After installing calico and calicoctl the last step of the installation is usually:
<pre>
calicoctl create -f - < calico-bgp.yaml
</pre>
A sample BGP configuration:
<pre>
---
apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3
kind: BGPConfiguration
metadata:
name: default
spec:
logSeverityScreen: Info
nodeToNodeMeshEnabled: true
asNumber: 65534
serviceClusterIPs:
- cidr: 2a0a:e5c0:10:3::/108
serviceExternalIPs:
- cidr: 2a0a:e5c0:10:3::/108
---
apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3
kind: BGPPeer
metadata:
name: router1-place10
spec:
peerIP: 2a0a:e5c0:10:1::50
asNumber: 213081
keepOriginalNextHop: true
</pre>
h2. ArgoCD / ArgoWorkFlow
h3. Argocd Installation
* See https://argo-cd.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
As there is no configuration management present yet, argocd is installed using
<pre>
kubectl create namespace argocd
# Specific Version
kubectl apply -n argocd -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v2.3.2/manifests/install.yaml
# OR: latest stable
kubectl apply -n argocd -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/argoproj/argo-cd/stable/manifests/install.yaml
</pre>
h3. Get the argocd credentials
<pre>
kubectl -n argocd get secret argocd-initial-admin-secret -o jsonpath="{.data.password}" | base64 -d; echo ""
</pre>
h3. Accessing argocd
In regular IPv6 clusters:
* Navigate to https://argocd-server.argocd.CLUSTERDOMAIN
In legacy IPv4 clusters
<pre>
kubectl --namespace argocd port-forward svc/argocd-server 8080:80
</pre>
* Navigate to https://localhost:8080
h3. Using the argocd webhook to trigger changes
* To trigger changes post json https://argocd.example.com/api/webhook
h3. Deploying an application
* Applications are deployed via git towards gitea (code.ungleich.ch) and then pulled by argo
* Always include the *redmine-url* pointing to the (customer) ticket
** Also add the support-url if it exists
Application sample
<pre>
apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1
kind: Application
metadata:
name: gitea-CUSTOMER
namespace: argocd
spec:
destination:
namespace: default
server: 'https://kubernetes.default.svc'
source:
path: apps/prod/gitea
repoURL: 'https://code.ungleich.ch/ungleich-intern/k8s-config.git'
targetRevision: HEAD
helm:
parameters:
- name: storage.data.storageClass
value: rook-ceph-block-hdd
- name: storage.data.size
value: 200Gi
- name: storage.db.storageClass
value: rook-ceph-block-ssd
- name: storage.db.size
value: 10Gi
- name: storage.letsencrypt.storageClass
value: rook-ceph-block-hdd
- name: storage.letsencrypt.size
value: 50Mi
- name: letsencryptStaging
value: 'no'
- name: fqdn
value: 'code.verua.online'
project: default
syncPolicy:
automated:
prune: true
selfHeal: true
info:
- name: 'redmine-url'
value: 'https://redmine.ungleich.ch/issues/ISSUEID'
- name: 'support-url'
value: 'https://support.ungleich.ch/Ticket/Display.html?id=TICKETID'
</pre>
h2. Helm related operations and conventions
We use helm charts extensively.
* In production, they are managed via argocd
* In development, helm chart can de developed and deployed manually using the helm utility.
h3. Installing a helm chart
One can use the usual pattern of
<pre>
helm install <releasename> <chartdirectory>
</pre>
However often you want to reinstall/update when testing helm charts. The following pattern is "better", because it allows you to reinstall, if it is already installed:
<pre>
helm upgrade --install <releasename> <chartdirectory>
</pre>
h3. Naming services and deployments in helm charts [Application labels]
* We always have {{ .Release.Name }} to identify the current "instance"
* Deployments:
** use @app: <what it is>@, f.i. @app: nginx@, @app: postgres@, ...
* See more about standard labels on
** https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/common-labels/
** https://helm.sh/docs/chart_best_practices/labels/
h2. Rook / Ceph Related Operations
h3. Executing ceph commands
Using the ceph-tools pod as follows:
<pre>
kubectl exec -n rook-ceph -ti $(kubectl -n rook-ceph get pods -l app=rook-ceph-tools -o jsonpath='{.items[*].metadata.name}') -- ceph -s
</pre>
h3. Inspecting the logs of a specific server
<pre>
# Get the related pods
kubectl -n rook-ceph get pods -l app=rook-ceph-osd-prepare
...
# Inspect the logs of a specific pod
kubectl -n rook-ceph logs -f rook-ceph-osd-prepare-server23--1-444qx
</pre>
h3. Inspecting the logs of the rook-ceph-operator
<pre>
kubectl -n rook-ceph logs -f -l app=rook-ceph-operator
</pre>
h3. Restarting the rook operator
<pre>
kubectl -n rook-ceph delete pods -l app=rook-ceph-operator
</pre>
h3. Triggering server prepare / adding new osds
The rook-ceph-operator triggers/watches/creates pods to maintain hosts. To trigger a full "re scan", simply delete that pod:
<pre>
kubectl -n rook-ceph delete pods -l app=rook-ceph-operator
</pre>
This will cause all the @rook-ceph-osd-prepare-..@ jobs to be recreated and thus OSDs to be created, if new disks have been added.
h3. Removing an OSD
* See "Ceph OSD Management":https://rook.io/docs/rook/v1.7/ceph-osd-mgmt.html
* More specifically: https://github.com/rook/rook/blob/release-1.7/cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph/osd-purge.yaml
* Then delete the related deployment
Set osd id in the osd-purge.yaml and apply it. OSD should be down before.
<pre>
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: rook-ceph-purge-osd
namespace: rook-ceph # namespace:cluster
labels:
app: rook-ceph-purge-osd
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: rook-ceph-purge-osd
spec:
serviceAccountName: rook-ceph-purge-osd
containers:
- name: osd-removal
image: rook/ceph:master
# TODO: Insert the OSD ID in the last parameter that is to be removed
# The OSD IDs are a comma-separated list. For example: "0" or "0,2".
# If you want to preserve the OSD PVCs, set `--preserve-pvc true`.
#
# A --force-osd-removal option is available if the OSD should be destroyed even though the
# removal could lead to data loss.
args:
- "ceph"
- "osd"
- "remove"
- "--preserve-pvc"
- "false"
- "--force-osd-removal"
- "false"
- "--osd-ids"
- "SETTHEOSDIDHERE"
env:
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- name: ROOK_MON_ENDPOINTS
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
key: data
name: rook-ceph-mon-endpoints
- name: ROOK_CEPH_USERNAME
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
key: ceph-username
name: rook-ceph-mon
- name: ROOK_CEPH_SECRET
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
key: ceph-secret
name: rook-ceph-mon
- name: ROOK_CONFIG_DIR
value: /var/lib/rook
- name: ROOK_CEPH_CONFIG_OVERRIDE
value: /etc/rook/config/override.conf
- name: ROOK_FSID
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
key: fsid
name: rook-ceph-mon
- name: ROOK_LOG_LEVEL
value: DEBUG
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/ceph
name: ceph-conf-emptydir
- mountPath: /var/lib/rook
name: rook-config
volumes:
- emptyDir: {}
name: ceph-conf-emptydir
- emptyDir: {}
name: rook-config
restartPolicy: Never
</pre>
Deleting the deployment:
<pre>
[18:05] bridge:~% kubectl -n rook-ceph delete deployment rook-ceph-osd-6
deployment.apps "rook-ceph-osd-6" deleted
</pre>
h2. Harbor
* We user "Harbor":https://goharbor.io/ for caching and as an image registry. Internal app reference: apps/prod/harbor.
* The admin password is in the password store, auto generated per cluster
* At the moment harbor only authenticates against the internal ldap tree
h3. LDAP configuration
* The url needs to be ldaps://...
* uid = uid
* rest standard
h2. Monitoring / Prometheus
* Via "kube-prometheus":https://github.com/prometheus-operator/kube-prometheus/
Access via ...
* http://prometheus-k8s.monitoring.svc:9090
* http://grafana.monitoring.svc:3000
* http://alertmanager.monitoring.svc:9093
h3. Prometheus Options
* "helm/kube-prometheus-stack":https://github.com/prometheus-community/helm-charts/tree/main/charts/kube-prometheus-stack
** Includes dashboards and co.
* "manifest based kube-prometheus":https://github.com/prometheus-operator/kube-prometheus
** Includes dashboards and co.
* "Prometheus Operator (mainly CRD manifest":https://github.com/prometheus-operator/prometheus-operator
h2. Nextcloud
h3. How to get the nextcloud credentials
* The initial username is set to "nextcloud"
* The password is autogenerated and saved in a kubernetes secret
<pre>
kubectl get secret RELEASENAME-nextcloud -o jsonpath="{.data.PASSWORD}" | base64 -d; echo ""
</pre>
h3. How to fix "Access through untrusted domain"
* Nextcloud stores the initial domain configuration
* If the FQDN is changed, it will show the error message "Access through untrusted domain"
* To fix, edit /var/www/html/config/config.php and correct the domain
* Then delete the pods
h2. Infrastructure versions
h3. ungleich kubernetes infrastructure v5 (2021-10)
Clusters are configured / setup in this order:
* Bootstrap via kubeadm
* "Networking via calico + BGP (non ECMP) using helm":https://docs.projectcalico.org/getting-started/kubernetes/helm
* "ArgoCD for CD":https://argo-cd.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
** "rook for storage via argocd":https://rook.io/
** haproxy for in IPv6-cluster-IPv4-to-IPv6 proxy via argocd
** "kubernetes-secret-generator for in cluster secrets":https://github.com/mittwald/kubernetes-secret-generator
** "ungleich-certbot managing certs and nginx":https://hub.docker.com/repository/docker/ungleich/ungleich-certbot
h3. ungleich kubernetes infrastructure v4 (2021-09)
* rook is configured via manifests instead of using the rook-ceph-cluster helm chart
* The rook operator is still being installed via helm
h3. ungleich kubernetes infrastructure v3 (2021-07)
* rook is now installed via helm via argocd instead of directly via manifests
h3. ungleich kubernetes infrastructure v2 (2021-05)
* Replaced fluxv2 from ungleich k8s v1 with argocd
** argocd can apply helm templates directly without needing to go through Chart releases
* We are also using argoflow for build flows
* Planned to add "kaniko":https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/kaniko for image building
h3. ungleich kubernetes infrastructure v1 (2021-01)
We are using the following components:
* "Calico as a CNI":https://www.projectcalico.org/ with BGP, IPv6 only, no encapsulation
** Needed for basic networking
* "kubernetes-secret-generator":https://github.com/mittwald/kubernetes-secret-generator for creating secrets
** Needed so that secrets are not stored in the git repository, but only in the cluster
* "ungleich-certbot":https://hub.docker.com/repository/docker/ungleich/ungleich-certbot
** Needed to get letsencrypt certificates for services
* "rook with ceph rbd + cephfs":https://rook.io/ for storage
** rbd for almost everything, *ReadWriteOnce*
** cephfs for smaller things, multi access *ReadWriteMany*
** Needed for providing persistent storage
* "flux v2":https://fluxcd.io/
** Needed to manage resources automatically